To facilitate navigation, the document is divided into themes reflecting some of the key areas in which circular principles can be adopted. For each theme, the circular link is introduced to provide a rationale for the actions and solutions that later are presented in more detail. As a complement, a number of case studies are presented from cities around Europe.
 

The document presents various circular economy actions and solutions, accompanied by case studies in eight sectors with high circular potential: built environment; consumer goods; food; manufacturing; mobility & logistics; tourism & leisure; waste & material management; and water & wastewater management. Several actions and solutions within each sector are presented and classified in relation to the strategies in the Circular City Actions Framework (CCAF). The framework aims to educate cities on a holistic approach to the circular economy – an approach that goes beyond just recycling. The CCAF can be used by local governments and city-based circular economy practitioners at any stage of the circular economy transition. The framework is structured into five complementary ‘R’ strategies: Rethink, Regenerate, Reduce, Reuse, Recover.

The circular actions can provide inspiring information and case studies for cities and regions working on a Circular Systemic Solution that focuses on sectors mentioned in the guide. The classification of these actions and solutions according to the strategic goal (Rethink, Regenerate, Reduce, Reuse, Recover) can help find relevant case studies according to specific ambitions of the city or region.