A policy instrument intervenes in an economy and society, with the intention of changing how the system operates. Based on the influence of policy instruments in cities, this framework is arranged into five main categories:
 

• MOBILISE sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.
• EDUCATE increases the overall levels of awareness and builds the necessary skills and knowledge around the circular economy to foster long-term change.
• MANAGE influences the use and function of physical and material elements within the urban environment.
• INCENTIVISE sends market signals and support to businesses, citizens and governments to promote certain activities.
• REGULATE changes the rules of the systems to achieve compliance through enforcement.

The framework consists of three tiers: Tier 1 indicates the key function that policy can play; Tier 2 presents key policy directions; and Tier 3 presents a specific urban policy instrument. Each Tier 3 policy is also linked to a relevant case example to further illustrate its application.

Practical examples for municipalities are advocating for circular change, awareness-raising events, grant funding and innovation-oriented public procurement. In addition, this framework can be used to help identify priority actions that can support the development and implementation of a local Circular Systemic Solution.