For each action, CDD signatories provided a brief description of the scope, objective and involved actors, and links to supporting documentation (web links, publications, documents, etc.). Furthermore, signatories indicated what their future actions will be, what challenges they are facing and which CCD commitments they are making progress on. A total of 40 signatories reported on their activities, providing a unique glimpse into how CE is implemented at the local level in Europe.

The report presents four key barriers and discusses eight trends. The identified trends are:
 

1.  A growing number of circular initiatives are being set up on a European level.
2. Cities are adopting circular strategies and roadmaps to steer the circular transition.
3. Cities are investing in circular infrastructure to close material loops.
4. Cities are using public procurement to reduce their environmental footprint and enable CE.
5. Cities are setting up innovation programmes and carrying out innovation projects to unlock the circular transition.
6. Cities raise awareness and empower citizens to distil a shared sense of ownership.
7. Cities are pushing for more circularity in construction.
8. Cities are making local food systems more regenerative.

For every trend, examples of initiatives implemented in European cities are shown. For example, Leuven sets up digital infrastructure to match supply and demand in various sectors, and digital platforms are created to support the public in accessing repair services. The actions of Leuven are connected to the third trend – cities are investing in circular infrastructure to close material loops. Cities and regions can use these examples as inspiration for Circular Systemic Solution (CSS) projects. Furthermore, the report provides possible solutions for some of the identified barriers to CE – e.g. overcoming capacity and resource limitations, securing political support and breaking down silos, measuring circularity and shifting the paradigm. By understanding the barriers, cities and regions can identify which measures and actions are required to address them and potentially support the design and implementation of CCSs at the local level.