The report reviews the state of the art of ongoing industrial symbiosis projects (public and/or private partnerships) and government initiatives in Europe and abroad, as well as the regulatory framework on waste management including technical specifications on the use of recycled materials as raw material for construction applications. Technical and non-technical barriers, risks and uncertainties which might hinder these developments but also drivers of new industrial symbiosis projects have been identified and analysed.

The role of different stakeholders in setting up industrial symbiosis networks, particularly in public private partnerships, and the long-term vision for scaling up is discussed in the end of the analysis.