The report targets circular economy value chains and engages actors across private and public sectors, including private banks, impact investors, green infrastructure funds, public development banks, national and regional governments, municipalities. It provides practical value by identifying financing instruments (such as project finance, revolving credit facilities, and equity options like angel investment setups) that cities and regions can use to support circular projects through tailored investment approaches.

For cities and regions, this means clearer pathways to secure financing, align with investor requirements, and increase the bankability of projects through an understanding of risks, returns, and suitable financial instruments. These findings are highly relevant for Circular Solution implementation, particularly in the “design” and “implementation” phases, as they help structure collaborations, attract capital, and bridge gaps between high-impact projects and financial viability.